Sparrows live between city and wild — neither domesticated nor fully free, in a world built without them. Daily life is shared across species, but almost always designed for only one.

They are the most honest users: no compromise, no politeness. I studied enclosure, interior temperature, entrance size. Form followed that research — asymmetric roof for drainage, obtuse hexagon for the sense of closure they respond to, fewer side openings for stable heat.

I moved from my logic to theirs: temperature tests across softwood and hardwood outdoors, then iteration across paper, wood, plastic, and assembled models until data and making aligned.